New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched two schemes of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) that may go a long way in changing how the household sector invests and complains if anything goes wrong with their savings.
These RBI schemes–‘retail direct’ and an ‘integrated ombudsman scheme’-–were launched by the Prime Minister virtually in the presence of Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman.
With the introduction of retail direct, a common man can directly take a position in government securities (g-sec), considered to be the safest asset class a sovereign can offer. The idea was first floated by the RBI in the February 2021 monetary policy, and potentially challenges, or perhaps complements debt mutual funds and bank savings.
In the February policy, RBI governor Shaktikanta Das had described the initiative as a “major structural reform”, and experts had agreed. In fact, India will only be the third nation in the world after the United States and Brazil where retail participants can take direct exposure to the government bond market.
The scheme will offer a safe, simple and direct channel for investment in government securities. The individual investor will have to open a securities account with the RBI through an online portal. The same portal will allow him to bid in primary auctions and buy and sell securities in the market. No fee will be charged for any services, and payments can be made through internet-banking as well as UPI. Investor support facilities will be available through telephone, email as well as online.
This cuts down the need for investors seeking safety of their money, and gilt returns are now comparable, or even better than bank deposit rates. However, for trading purposes, gilt investments can still be a little complex for an ordinary investor, feels experts, and therefore, dedicated experts handling mutual funds are hard to replace.
“While the intentions of RBI are noble, awareness about the g-sec market is low. From a credit quality perspective, retail direct is comparable to gilt funds, or target maturity funds with a portfolio of gilts and state development loans. The asset under maturity of gilt funds is much on the lower side anyway. So, depending on how fast the awareness spreads, this scheme will take off or just be there as a facility,” Joydeep Sen, fixed income consultant at Phillip Capital.
Mutual fund managers also are not very concerned about retail investors getting direct access to g-secs.
“This scheme may not impact debt mutual funds. We have an example of the equity market where retail participation is as good as mutual funds. But it’s a good thing for the debt market for two reasons: it will expand the debt market, and will see higher participation of retail investors which would imply better and wider understanding of the market which is still lacking,” said Rahul Singh, fund manager for LIC Mutual Fund.
However, for people seeking a long term maturity profile, the debt market can be a good alternative for bank deposits.
The other scheme, integrated ombudsman, is not a completely new initiative as such, but cuts down on a lot of complexities at one go. Here the central bank is merging three of its own ombudsman schemes, or redressal systems on financial matters, into one. The central bank currently runs separate ombudsman schemes from 22 offices — for banks, non-banking financial companies (NBFC), and for digital transactions.
The banking ombudsman scheme was launched in 1995, but the NBFC and the digital payments ombudsman were launched as recently as in 2018 and 2019 respectively, as NBFCs became serious retail lenders, and digital payments became mainstream.
RBI data shows that with increased awareness, digital penetration and financial inclusion, there was a steep rise in the number of complaints against various regulated entities. Complaints rose from 1.64 lakh in 2017-18 to 3.30 lakh complaints in 2019-20.
The ‘One Nation–One Ombudsman’ approach of the RBI will enable the customers to file their complaint from anywhere at any time through portal or email, or through physical mode at one point of receipt, without the need to identify any specific ombudsman or scheme. This integrated scheme will also do away with the jurisdictional limitations as well as limited grounds for complaints. RBI will provide a single reference point for the customers to submit documents, track status of complaints filed and provide feedback.
The complaints that are not covered under the ombudsman scheme will continue to be attended to by the Customer Education and Protection Cells (CEPCs) which are located in the 30 regional offices of RBI.
According to the people in know of the matter there was a need to merge the three schemes as they had evolved over different periods of time, and had specified grounds of complaints which acted as a limiting factor. The separate schemes led to uneven redress across the customers of different entities, and had different compensation structures.
After an intensive review of the internal grievance redress of banks and other regulated entities, it was felt at the RBI that the three schemes should be merged into one. The thinking was to simplify the scheme by covering all complaints involving deficiency in service, and centralise the receipt and initial processing of complaints to enhance process efficiency.
